Mr Najib presided over a parade to celebrate National Day, which commemorates Malaysia's independence from British colonial rule, attended by large crowds of flag-waving spectators and broadcast live on television.
Organisers of the weekend demonstrations said more than 200,000 people attended the rallies staged to demand Mr Najib's removal over a financial scandal.
"Well, we gave it our best shot, and now it's their turn again," said Simon Tam, a lawyer who attended the demonstrations on both days.
"Getting Najib to step down is not easy, and maybe there is not much hope at all. But how can we stand by and say nothing?"
Mr Najib has been under pressure since the Wall Street Journal last month published Malaysian documents showing nearly $835 million had been deposited into his personal bank accounts beginning in 2013.
His cabinet ministers have since admitted the transfers, calling them "political donations" from unidentified Middle Eastern sources, but refusing to explain further.
Influential ex-leader Mahathir Mohamad, who has pressed for Mr Najib's ouster for more than a year, calling him corrupt and a poor leader, caused a stir by attending the rally on Sunday and urging a sustained effort to topple Mr Najib.
Mr Mahathir, who squelched civil disobedience during his 1981-2003 command of the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition, surprised many by evoking the Philippine "people power" revolt of 1986.
"If the government ignores the law, we have to demonstrate. If you look at [former Philippine president Ferdinand] Marcos, when he was ruling the Philippines they had to overthrow him through demonstrations," he said.
Protests unlikely to lead to Najib's removal
But the weekend rallies and Mr Mahathir's support are not seen as causing serious unease for Mr Najib, who retains firm control of his powerful ruling party.His government in turn enjoys continued solid support among the country's majority ethnic Malay population.
"The rallies showed [civil society and the opposition] can turn out the numbers, but whether actions like this can really make a difference is unclear," said Ibrahim Suffian, head of leading Malaysian polling firm Merdeka Centre.
"[Mr] Najib can rest easy because the only way anyone could remove him is through parliament or the ruling party."
In a speech on Sunday night, Mr Najib defiantly refused to step down and called the protesters "shallow-minded".
Mr Najib recently purged critics in his cabinet and appears to have stalled investigations into the funding affair through personnel moves.
Rally participants in Kuala Lumpur seemed drawn mostly from the country's ethnic Chinese minority, which makes up about a quarter of the population, suggesting the demonstrations had limited national support.
Government minister Abdul Rahman Dahlan alluded to this in deriding the demonstrations.
"When will these people realise that the real battle is at [the] grassroots, which is [the ruling coalition's] forte?" he said in a tweet on Sunday.
(AFP)
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